B321 Tma 02

Question 1 (a) Simons (1999, pg 768) describes intrinsic motivation as â€Å"desire to engage in behaviours or actions in anticipation of internally- generated rewards such as personal feelings of accomplishment† and extrinsic motivation Simons describes as (1999, pg 766) â€Å"desire to engage in behaviours or actions in anticipation of tangible rewards, such as money or promotion†. Extrinsic motivation is created by financial incentives. An incentive as Simons (1999, 767) describes as being â€Å"a reward or payment that is used to motivate performance.The two types of motivation mentioned above can be used to design a rewards package for the product centre managers. First I will discuss intrinsic motivation; this type of motivation is â€Å"from within† (as Simon states (1999, pg 245)) rather than external. Managers can improve intrinsic motivation, Simon’s (1999, pg 245) states â€Å"they can make people proud of where they work† and also †Å"they can involve subordinates in the goal setting process to increase the likelihood that subordinates will see the goals as legitimate.If subordinates are included in the process of setting goals-asked to provide input and information –they are more likely to feel that the goals are legitimate and work more diligently to achieve them†. The motivation is aligned to Air Tex Aviation’s performance goals, which are, the granting of credit but managers have performance goals set by Ted, monthly charges against their departmental profits, managers are more likely to stick to the rules set by Ted because they are in control of credit.Also, the purchasing of capital equipment and operating supplies but having predetermined limits this gives the managers a sense of control and able to make decisions without having to ask permission whenever a purchase was to be made. Moreover product managers are allowed to set policies such as pricing for products or services. They al so have the power to hire, fire and administer the salary. Product centre managers can rewarded because they have the responsibility to do the above and are free to make choices within set boundaries. Other rewards can be meaningfulness managers may feel they are doing something important.Also another reward is having the competence, managers can feel satisfied. Lastly, another reward is having the sense of progress, product centre managers will feel they have gained something. I will now discuss the extrinsic incentives, Simons (1999 pg 245-246) states â€Å"financial performance awards-typically in the form of bonuses-can be linked explicitly to the achievement of goals and targets. Since incentives are to motivate performance Ted has allocated 10% bonus to managers. (b) Simon’s four levers of control can be used in the implementation of strategy for Air Tex Aviation.Simon’s states â€Å"Strategic control is not achieved through new and unique performance measureme nt and control system, but through belief systems, boundary systems, diagnostic control systems and interactive control systems working together to control both the implementation of intended strategies and the formation of emergent strategies†. Simon’s (1999, pg 763) describes belief systems as â€Å"explicit set of organisational definitions that senior managers communicate formally and reinforce systematically to provide basic values, purpose, and direction for the organisation†.Figure 14-2 Levers of control (Simon’s pg, 305) shows belief systems as â€Å"strategy as Perspective† and â€Å"Obtaining Commitment to the Grand Purpose, this in the context of Airtex Aviation are firstly Ted and Frank have taken control of the business, Ted is President and chief operating officer and Frank is chairmanship. They also have a vision to grow at a rate of 20% per year for the first five years. To implement strategy Ted and Frank decentralised authority an d made each operating activity a profit centre and grouped them by departments.Departments were given authority over his operations. This creates shared beliefs and missions within the business. Employees will be more motivated because of the more control they have and they will have the sense of belonging to the business. Simon’s (1999, pg 764) describes boundary systems as â€Å"explicit statements embedded in formal information systems that define and communicate specific risks to be avoided†. Boundary Systems in the situation of Air Tex Aviation are, Simon’s (1999, pg 297) described as â€Å"rules, limits and proscriptions†.Rules in Airtex Aviation are decentralising the business, installing a control system. Limits introduced are profit centre’s having the authority to buy operating supplies and capital equipment with purchase order limits. A reason for limits is described by Simon’s (1999, pg 297) as â€Å"to allow individual creativi ty within defined limits of freedom†. Proscriptions include removing Sarah Arthur and her accounting system as it was not working and introduce a control system that support’s the management and provides information needed in order to make decisions.The accounting system before gave employees a lack of motivation because they were not involved in the decision making process. Also Simon’s (1999, pg 279) states â€Å"communicate standards of business conduct for all employees†, that’s what the new control system does, involves all employees. My recommendations to AirTex Aviation would be use all four levers of control together as one can’t work without the others. Also I would recommend the company when financially able to perhaps train managers, as most employees have only studied up to high school.Another recommendation would be for the department managers to set out goals for their own departments, use a balance scorecard or something simila r. Moreover, I would also recommend the business owners to draw up perhaps a mission statement or a statement of purpose and distribute it to each manager, so they know the objective and purpose of the business. Overall, the owners have turned the business around and should carry on as they have done so. Question 2 (a) In the article by Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994), most of the interviewees agreed, net present value is superior to payback.I will summarise the views of the five interviewees below. Adam a lecturer was one those that thought that NPV is better than PB. Adam does however think that payback, in Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) â€Å"works fine for simple, straightforward projects†, but does say how useless it is and NPV gives the right answer and considers time value for money. He also thinks that NPV has no disadvantage whatsoever. He also goes on to say that calculating NPV is easy because of the use of computers. His academic group also agree with him that NPV is superior.Frank chief accountant was one of those interviewed who was against NPV and suspicious of it, describing it as â€Å"dangerous† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He has been using PB for many years and says it is simple to use and NPV is complicated, time consuming and â€Å"conveys spurious accuracy† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He also says that NPV is hard for managers to understand they prefer PB. Simon a senior finance manager thought no appraisal method has â€Å"importance† but believes â€Å"NPV only relevant with high interest rates & long time periods†, Jones, T.C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). He believes that information given to managers should be what they want and accountants should help in making investment decisions not decide which appraisal method to use. Judy a junior finance manager prefers to use NPV rather than PB because it considers time value for money which is important in her view. She also says †Å"NPV gives ability to alter assumptions & identify different outcomes† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). She has very strong views for NPV and thinks managers should use this technique only.Managers have studied MBA’s so thinks it will be easy for them to understand. But â€Å"She fears that she may be ‘a victim of my training’ which might have been academic ‘brainwashing’†, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994). Len a finance officer also says net present value is superior to payback. He doesn’t agree with Adam’s suggestion that â€Å"PB figures might be adjusted to reflect more clearly the results of NPV analysis† Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D, because of ethical rules. (1994).He too like Adam finds calculating NBV easy because of the use of computers. The interviewee’s which I mostly agree with are Len, Judy and Adam this is because, they believe that NPV is superior to PB. Also NPV considers time value of money and is easy to calculate because of the use of computers. I also agree with Judy that managers should be taught NPV because PB is simple and as Adam said NPV should be used for minor projects. (b) Pure reasoning in my view would be coming up with answers which would be the norm and what most people would agree to.An example in B321 case studies would have to be that of Classic Pen Company: Developing an ABC Model. Jane Dempsey came up with information by using methods such as activity based costing used by accountants. Overall, I think pure reasoning would have the most influence on someone’s decision making process this is because most people adhere to the norm they don’t want to be seen as deviant. Also most people would be scared to do otherwise just in case the decision doesn’t turn out to be as expected, which may get them into a lot of trouble. (c)My views have changed since reading the article because, before I thought that calculating net present v alue for investment appraisal was complex and very complicated but both Adam and Len find it easy because of the use of computers. Also before reading the article I thought payback was completely useless and unreliable for investment appraisal but as Adam points out it is fine to use on simple projects. Also another benefit for NPV is that it â€Å"gives ability to alter assumptions & identify different outcomes†, Jones, T. C. and Dugdale, D. (1994) as Judy points out.Both appraisal methods have their benefits, net present value has more benefits overall. Question 3 (a) Total machine hours: 880,000 ? 44,000 = 20 Game Pies: 20 ? 4,000 = 80,000 ? 2000 = ? 40 per batch Pork Pies: 20 ? 40,000 = 800,000 ? 20,000 = ? 40 per batch (b) Set up related: 420,000 ? 200 = 2,100 Pork Pies: 2,100 ? 120 = 252,000 ? 20,000 = ? 12. 60 Game Pies: 2,100 ? 80 = 168,000 ? 2,000 = ? 84 Purchasing related: 240,000 ? 480 = 500 Pork Pies: 500 ? 320 = 160,000 ? 20,000 = ? 8 Game Pies: 500? 160 = 80,000 ? 2,000 = ? 40 Volume related: 44,000 + 88,000 = 132,000 220,000 ? 32,000 = 1. 67 Pork Pies: 1. 67 ? 120,000 = ? 200,400 ? 20,000 = ? 10. 02 Game Pies: 1. 67 ? 12,000 = ? 20,040 ? 2000 = ? 10. 02 Cost centre costs for pork pies per batch: ? 12. 60 + ? 8 + ? 10. 02 = ? 30. 62 Cost centre costs for game pies per batch: ? 84 + ? 40 + ? 10. 02 = ? 134. 02 (c) The difference with activity based costing and traditional costing is, firstly traditional costing only assigns overhead cost: machine hours or direct labour hours to products. Whereas activity based costing uses activities â€Å"for accumulating costs† as described by Atkinson (2004, pg 127).

Michelle Bachelet

Michelle Bachelet (Veronica Michelle Bachelet Jeria) is a current Executive President of the Republic of Chile, a Pacific coastal country in Southern America. Bachelet was nominated in 2004 as a left-centrist candidate for presidency and won the election runoff in January 2006 gaining 53.5% of the votes and becoming the first female President of the country. Moreover, she is the first Chilean female political personality of high importance who established her political career and managed to advance in politics using no help and connections of her husband or male protectionist.Bachelet was born on September 29, 1951, in Santiago, to a family of Chilean Air Force Brigade General Alberto Bachelet. Her childhood was one of constant traveling from one military camp to another, and her first interests included volleyball, theater and music. After finishing high school in 1970, she entered a medical college of the University of Chile with one of the best national enrollment test result. Fro m he own words, she decided to dedicate her life to medicine because it was â€Å"†¦a concrete way of helping people cope with pain..† and â€Å"..a way to contribute to improve health in Chile† (The Andean World, n.d.).In 1973, when Augusto Pinochet seized the reins of power, Alberto Bachelet was arrested and charged for treason. After several months of torture he died of a stroke. This tragedy was followed by arrest and deportation of Michelle and her mother, so they spent several years in Australia and East Germany, where Bachelet continued her education and worked in a communal clinic. In 1979 the Bachelets received permission to be back to Chile, where three years later Michelle received an M.D. and continued her social activities as a member of Chilean Socialist Party, promoting the ideals of democracy and social equality.Her political career started in the mid-1990s when she entered the ballot for the Head of Las Condes Administration. In 2000 Bachelet was appointed Minister of Health as a person with high competence in military medicine and a good experience of work in such organizations as the National AIDS Commission and the National Health Service. Her liberal reforms did not receive a lot of support from the Ministry officials. That is why Bachelet attempted a resignation which was, however, rejected by the President. Soon, she became a Minister of Defense, the only female in the continent to hold this administrative position.Her presidential campaign started in October 2004 and she had to face a former Senator and member of Chilean center-right party Sebastian Pinera as the main rival. In the first round Bachelet could not obtain the majority of the votes, receiving only 46%. Nevertheless, the runoff against Pinera proved to be more successful, and in March 2006 Michelle Bachelet entered the office as the first female President of Chile, bringing along many new politicians (including a lot of women) as the members of her Cabinet .The first year of her presidency was marked by a number of determined political steps, liberal democratic reformations and scandalous dismissals of some of her Ministers. In particular, she had to fight with very deep-rooted corruption which was spread throughout the country’s administration system. Besides, Bachelet’s recent decree allowing selling â€Å"morning after pill† over the counter to the girls over 14 evoked a wave of national criticism and disagreement. Currently, she is facing another problem: the necessity to improve Chilean transportation system according to the project called Transantiago.Nevertheless, she tries to keep her popularity high by organizing and participating in numerous governmental health care programs. In addition, Bachelet is a very active player in foreign politics and her major accomplishments are a number of treaties with developed Asian countries, establishing the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership. Her main persona l values are duty and responsibility. Last year Forbes ranked Michelle Bachelet as the 17th of the world’s 100 most successful women, and her reaction on this recognition of her efforts was the following: â€Å"This is not a ranking that motivates me. What motivates me is working for a better Chile,† (Chile General Government Secretariat, 2006).ReferencesMichelle Bachelet Jeria. (2006, March 17). Chile General Government Secretariat. Retrieved February 7, 2008 Unofficial Biography of Michelle Bachelet. (n.d.). The Andean World. Retrieved February 7, 2008, from .

Bridgeton Industries: Automotive Component and Fabrication Plant Essay

In 1985, Bridgeton Industries, a major supplier to Big-Three domestic automobile manufacturers, is facing a competitive environment with advent of foreign competition and rising gasoline prices, leading to shrinking pool of production contracts. Bridgeton reacts by closing ACF diesel engine plant and hiring strategic consulting firm to classify their products on competitive position. Based on analysis, Bridgeton outsourced oil pans and muffler exhaust (classified as Class 3) and introduced programs, such as lowering time required to change dies, to improve product, quality and productivity. However, despite of these measures, manifolds were downgraded from Class II to Class III in 1990 model year budget. Now, Bridgeton faces the challenge to decide if manifolds be outsourced and, more importantly, what more to do (in terms of strategy) to keep the business? Bridgeton’s Organization: †¢ Cost System: It comprises of materials, direct labor and overhead. Per Exhibit 2, during period 1987-90, the overhead rates have increased as shown below; especially after outsourcing in 1988. With outsourcing, the overhead cost have not reduced at same rate as labor cost, leading to higher costs for the remaining products such as manifolds. Thereby, outsourcing manifolds shall lead to higher cost for the remaining products such as fuel tanks and doors and shall push them down to Class III. †¢ Revenue and Profit: Outsourcing manifolds will reduce cost; however, the sales will be reduced even more, since Bridgeton’s highest revenue is from Manifolds, which account for 41% ($93,120/$226,542) of their total sales in 1990, leading to lower profit. Business Market: With higher efficiency standards, demand for stainless steel manifolds such as those produced at ACF could be increased dramatically and so, probably, would their selling prices. This will lead higher revenue and profits from sales of manifolds (if not outsourced); assuming no significant increase in the cost (material). Therefore, outsourcing Class III manifolds (per Consulting Firm’s recommendation) shall not be advantage for the ACF plant. Clearly, reduction in plant production volume and high overhead cost has caused ACF plant to be less cost competitive. Recommendations: Following are the recommendation to utilize ACF plant resources efficiently and thus, improve overhead rates for existing products: †¢ Increase technology capability, thereby, increasing production of existing products †¢ Use Activity Based Costing (ABC) to actually analyze the individual cost incurred for these products and opportunity for its reduction †¢ Initiate reforms in manufacturing and admin process  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Sell un-used outdated machinery that are causing big depreciation and insurance cost †¢ Promote cost-cutting but preserving quality †¢ Set budgets and review them on a weekly, monthly and yearly basis. Through this we can utilize overhead expenses more efficiently and allocate it amongst current products to be cost competitive and keep the pricing within reasonable limits, helping us to maintain our profitability and market shares.

Summary and analysis (The seven deadly sins of outsourcing) article Essay

Summary and analysis (The seven deadly sins of outsourcing) article - Essay Example Therefore, in order that the mainline industries too gets benefitted to the fullest extent 1. Outsourcing activities that should not be outsourced: It has been suggested that the company must have a clear idea of what to outsource and what to keep with itself. Example has been cited of a car rental company which ended up with more IT costs after outsourcing. The increasing levels of competition in the globalization regime have made companies all the more conscious about the cost benefit ratios. As the profit margins are heading southwards, multinational corporations around the globe have started looking for locations where they could shift some of their non-strategic jobs in order to cut costs. China, India, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Russia, Poland, Mexico, Indonesia, Vietnam etc. are some of the countries where MNCs from USA, UK, Germany and other developed nations have started outsourcing the jobs. Therefore, the recommendations of the article are very much relevant in this scenario. For example, in case of any dispute arising out at the outsourcing destination, the company may not be in a position to take back up measures, which in turn would result in losses on many fronts. Outsourcing certainly touches upon the human capital management issues. The moment company employees come to know about any such move from the management, they start becoming apprehensive about their future with the company. Recognition of ‘conflict’ on issues in the management process is central to the difference between HRM and Industrial Relations policies. There was a time, when western nations used to be big attractions for skilled workforce, but today the eastern nations have become the destination of IT professionals. Outsourcing to such destinations leads to huge cost savings, but there are some risks as well. For example, in recent days media has reported instances when

Total Quality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Total Quality Management - Essay Example TQM is based on the practice and assumption that problems should be dealt with at the point of origin itself. Each process in any business, like sales, marketing, operations, finance, production, planning, personnel, technical, have parameters of input. If the input is wrong, the output is bound to be wrong. Wang suggests that the correction should be made at the input level itself, which minimizes the chances of a wrong output. Silos also agrees that every aspect and every process of the business system should be involved so that all functions – vertically and horizontally across all levels are covered (1999 cited by Cannon, 2002). Although there have been modification to the adaptation of the TQM, the essential principles of this management philosophy remains the same. This paper will highlight how Marriott considered the TQM in their hotels. Marriott International has always been known as an employee-oriented family atmosphere organization. As service expectation of the existing customers and potential customers have gone up, and as TQM is a management philosophy based on continuous improvement, Marriott felt the need to consider TQM in their company to be able to deliver quality service and to sustain their image in the competitive market. To be able to consider TQM in their organization, Marriott first ventured to define TQM in their own style. To them, TQM meant: The philosophy of the founder of Marriott was â€Å"Take care of Marriott people and they will take care of Marriott guests† (Cannon, 2002). They were in essence attempting to satisfy both their internal and external customers by the TQM approach. They believe that â€Å"Hands-on managers† are absolutely vital to continuing the Marriott culture. The managers need to possess the people skills in being able to support, inspire, encourage, lead and listen to associates. Employees leave the organization or form unions when they are dissatisfied with the management. With the

Wage Setting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Wage Setting - Assignment Example The hijackers might be impersonating as accident victims and when truck drivers help them, in return they hijack the trucks. Truck hijackers might even gain unauthorized entrance into areas where trucks are parked; they might kill the person responsible for the security of the trucks and then hijack the truck and escape with them. Ans. 12 The act of checking or going through the file of the victim is one of the activities that are considered necessary while an officer of a robbery case conducts a follow-up of the case. This action is considered as necessary to cheek whether the same victim has been a victim of the case of robbery before or whether he has reported such crimes against him in the past. This action is considered necessary to match the previous crimes of robbery to the current crime of robbery in which the victim is same. This is done to find similarities between old and new cases and whether a new robber has committed the crime or the victim has been robbed for more than once by the same criminal. The act of checking past records can even help figure out whether the victim himself is connected in the crime as individuals report such crimes to conduct various frauds such as insurance frauds. Chapter 14 Ans. 1 There are various dimensions of the crime of burglary, this crime is mostly witnessed in residences and this crime is witnessed or experienced after every 15 seconds in different areas. The average loss experienced by a residence due to this crime is calculated at $1,381 and the average loss experienced by nonresidential or commercial settings is calculated at $1,615 (Swanson, 2012). Out of all the cases of burglaries, 64% of the criminals conduct a forced entry; this means that the criminal uses forceful ways of entering into the target settings. Investigations have figured out that when the crime is committed in residential setting, the criminal makes an entry from the front, where as in the case of commercial settings, the criminal makes a b ack door entry. These crimes are mostly conducted when the setting or the property is not in use by the property owners or the people who live or work over there. It is even witnessed that residential settings are mostly subjected to this crime during day time and commercial settings mostly experience this crime during late hours. The rate of this crime does not vary according to different months and seasons, and the cases of this criminal act are very difficult to solve. Ans. 8 There are various signs at the crime scene that differentiate a crime of burglary conducted by a professional burglar and the same crime committed by an armature or a juvenile. In case of juvenile burglars, juvenile burglars do not conduct ample amount of planning before they make their move, they are easily arrested as compared to professional burglars, they mostly conduct crimes in shape of groups and teams and do not strike in areas or setting where they can obtain high amount of return, they might end up making mistakes such as killing members in the residence if they are confronted by household members as they are quite confused and afraid and have a quite heavy arrest history. Juvenile burglars mostly steal portable assets and assets that are easy to move such as radio, mobile phones, gaming consoles and cash. Ans. 11 Information and leads about a particular residential or a commercial setting and what can be found in these settings is obtained by burglars through various sources.

Business Law Nike vs. Kasky Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Law Nike vs. Kasky - Essay Example Nike is a multinational company engaged in the manufacturing of athletic shoes and sports apparel, which contracts Southeast Asian countries with cheap labor cost like Indonesia, Thailand, China, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam. Vietnam is the newest manufacturing facility of Vietnam. The complained stemmed from the report of one of Nike’s employees who alleged that Nike has poor working facility and violated local regulations by causing pollution which caused respiratory problems to majority of its workers. An investigator for Vietnam Labor confirmed that he found truth in these allegations of widespread abuses by Nike. Nike, in its defense commissioned former UN Ambassador Andrew Young to make an independent report and visit the factories alleged to be unsafe. Young issued statements in the media and wrote letters to newspapers by stating that the allegations against Nike were baseless, unfounded and untruthful. The press releases and statements conveyed that Nike was acting morally by providing humane conditions to its workers. ... The California Superior Court ruled in favor of Nike and dismissed the complaint for insufficiency of evidence. Hence, Kasky filed an appeal with the California Court of Appeal, which affirmed the ruling of the CA Superior Court by stating that the statements of Nike falls within the scope of the â€Å"core area of expression which is protected by the First Amendment† (Goldstein, 66). The Supreme Court reversed the ruling of the California CA, by a vote of four to three and ordered that the case be remanded back to the lower court for further proceedings. The SC ruled that Nike’s statements constituted a â€Å"commercial speech† and complied with â€Å"the three elements to categorize the speech as commercial based on the following grounds: speaker, intended audience and content of message† (Goldstein, 67): 1. Nike is a commercial speaker because it is a manufacturer to athletic shoes and sports apparel all over the world; 2. â€Å"The statements are made to a commercial audience, who are actual or prospective buyers and the press releases were intended to reach and influence actual and potential purchasers of Nike’s products† (Goldstein, 67) ; and 3. The content of Nike’s message served as factual representations about its business operations in explaining the working conditions inside the factories and the labor practices/policies being implemented by the company. CA Supreme Court denied Nike’s petition for rehearing while the US Supreme Court granted the petition for certiorari. The Court ruled to dismiss the case. c) FOR KASKY:   Nike committed false representations to the public by issuing misleading statements that its business was conducted morally and maintained a safe and secured

Powell v. Alabama Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Powell v. Alabama - Case Study Example Most of the local bar despite the order of the court withdrew from the case. Two attorneys did appear on behalf on the accused but the appearance could be described as superfluous at best because the attorneys had no opportunity to investigate the case and consulted with the defendants for only thirty minutes prior to the trials. Not surprisingly, eight of the defendants were convicted and sentenced to death after quick trials. There was a hung jury in the case of the remaining defendant. The lower court argued that each state is its' own sovereign and that accordingly, each state has the right to decide what it will and will not give to its' indigent defendants. One does not have an absolute right to counsel in the state system and a state cannot be ordered to pay for the defense of it's defendants. In one hundred and forty years, the legal governance of the states has never been interfered with, so why should it happen now The decision of the lower state court was reversed and remanded back to the lower court for further proceedings. Ultimately the court held that the fundamental due process rights of the defendants had been violated. The court found that fundamental due process rights carry both into the state court and the federal courts. One's due pro One's due process rights do not drop simply because there is a change in venue. Due to the lack of counsel the defendants were not granted a fair and impartial trial. Indeed, the entire proceedings were found to be deliberately contrived so as not to afford the defendants an impartial jury. Blacks were systematically not picked for the jury. The defendants were unable to prepare with their attorneys and finally were not even asked if they wanted attorneys. Supreme Court Decision 1. The rule denying the aid of counsel to persons charged with felony, which (except as to legal questions) existed in England. Page 287 U. S. 46 2. The rule that no part of the Constitution shall be treated as superfluous is an aid to construction which, in some instances, may be conclusive, but which must yield to more compelling considerations whenever they exist. P. 287 U. S. 67. 3. The fact that the right of an accused person to have counsel for his defense was guaranteed expressly (as respects the federal Government) by the Sixth Amendment, notwithstanding the presence of the due process clause in the Fifth Amendment, does not exclude that right from the concept "due process of law." Pp. 287 U. S. 66-68. 4. The right of the accused, at least in a capital case, to have the aid of counsel for his defense, which includes the right to have sufficient time to advise with counsel and to prepare a defense, is one of the fundamental rights guaranteed by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Pp. 287 U. S. 68-71. 5. In a capital case, where the defendant is unable to employ counsel and is incapable of making his own defense adequately because of ignorance, feeble-mindedness, illiteracy or the like, it is the duty of the court, whether requested or not, to assign counsel for him as a necessary requisite of due process of law, and that duty is not discharged by an assignment at such a time and under such circumstances as to preclude the giving of effective aid in the preparation and trial

Merged School of Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Merged School of Business - Essay Example They are globalization, technology and sustainability (Schuler & MacMillan, 2006). It is worthy of mentioning that the expression ‘human resource management’ has been used in the context of practicing organizations as well as academicians since last ten to fifteen years. Formerly, the concept was referred as personnel administration. Human resource management takes into consideration all the activities that are undertaken by the enterprises for the purpose of utilizing the resources of the organisation effectively in order to attain individual, organisational as well as group goals (Franklyn, n.d.). A well-crafted merger as well as acquisition strategy can assist an organisation to attain competitive advantage and therefore help in the creation of the shareholders value (London Business School, 2011). The case study is related to the problems faced by All Star University which is the product of a government-sponsored amalgamation between two universities as well as their school/departments. One of them is 115 years old Sandstone University and the other one is 20 years old Redbrick Institute of Technology. The main objective of the essay is to identify the key stakeholders involved in the case study and to discuss their major interests. It will also try to examine the HR challenges as well as problems involved in this merger and therefore will present solutions and recommendations in order to overcome the challenges. Stakeholders can be identified as the persons who get influenced by the strategic plan. Stakeholders may be either group of people, institutions, and organisations or may as well be individuals. The term ‘stakeholder’ may as well be identified as actors or as interest groups. It can be mentioned that the acknowledgement of the stakeholders is an iterative procedure. It is significant to mention that the stakeholders may be at any position in the society. They may be at international level to national, regional, household o r intra-household level. It may comprise all those who affect or may get affected because of the policies, actions or decision in any particular method (International Centre For Development Oriented Research In Agriculture, n.d.). It is often noted that universities are termed as typical organisation which are made up of the stakeholders. The overall management as well as development of the university is completely dependent by its close association with the stakeholders. Conventionally, universities were simply taken as institutions comprising of teachers providing lessons or conducting researches, students of all the levels, various other employees who were held accountable for the business work as well as academic work, the course systems and other related resources and management procedures. However, such opinions generally ignore other development resources as well as social capital. The major stakeholders in any university can be teachers, parents, commercial circle, students, public as well as private sectors of the economy, mass media, professional associations as well as the society (Yi & Rui, n.d.). In the context of this case study, there are many parties who are actively involved. Sandstone University is one of the stakeholders which are in operation since 115 years. The other significant stakeholder is Redbrick Institute of Technology which is into existence

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Accounting - Essay Example This allows a realisation of how indebted a company is for its operations. Profitability ratios reflect on how much profit the company is earning based on its principal investment. More commonly, a breakeven point allows a tabulation of how much business the company needs to do to ensure that its start-up costs are met. Alternatively, the gross profit ratio reveals the expected profit outcomes resulting from the company’s regular business operations. The liquidity ratios determine how resilient a company would be in case of deficit financing. The current ratio reveals how much liquidity the company has to deal with its outstanding liabilities. On the other hand, the liquidity index shows how quickly the company can turn its assets into liquidity, if need arises. Finally, activity ratios describe how well managed the company is. Typically, the accounts payable and accounts receivable turnovers reveal how actively the management is closing liabilities (Wahlen, Baginski, & Bradsh aw,

H.W Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

H.W - Assignment Example Each employee will strive to meet set goals so that they earn such non-cash rewards. In addition, Gina will find non-cash rewards less costly compared to cash. First, employees may not notice exactly how worthy is the reward. This is contrary to cash rewards in which workers consider the amount to get motivated. For example, Gina should set a program in which successful logging detailed notes about the client call in the online database, the customer care representative earns points used to redeem tangible items of value to them. To maintain customer satisfaction at the end of every call, Gina should make it part of her reward to manage knowledge. Rewards imply after exemplary performance, there should be learning experience that enhances other employees to gain knowledge of serving in the same line. However, Gina should be careful not to overload the trip with learning sessions. Employee should find more than 80 percent of the travel to himself or herself for recreation. In summary, non-cash rewards are guilt-free as opposed to money that employees spend on ordinar y commitments. May Johnson’s performance problems are multi-faceted. First, she lacks management experience. It is her first experience working with a group of employees reporting directly to her. As a result, she believes that everything should go in line with what she understands and strongly holds. Secondly, Johnson lacks knowledge of the current systems used by the company and other employees. She relies on obsolete systems. Johnson’s overreliance on obsolete systems constantly raises conflicts with her junior employees. In addition, Johnson does not understand vital aspects of job specialization. She desires to perform everything and does not believe that any duty accomplished by other individuals can be perfect. Johnson repeats every work her junior staff members present to her. May Johnson’s employee are

Farmer Boldwood throughout the novel Essay Example for Free

Farmer Boldwood throughout the novel Essay This illustrates that he is completely obsessed; he worships the ground she walks on. The news of Troys death has once again disturbed Boldwoods equilibrium, and new hope burns within him. In chapter forty-nine, following the complete ruining of his crops due to his neglectful behaviour, Boldwood appoints Oak to look after his farm. A great hope had latterly germinated in Boldwood, whose unreasoning devotion to Bathsheba could only be characterized as a fond madness which neither time nor circumstance, evil nor good report, could weaken or destroy. In this sentence the Author describes Boldwoods obsession with Bathsheba, and proves to us that although Boldwoods hopes could be temporarily subdued, his true feelings were always there. It seems as if his feelings for Bathsheba will last his entire life. Boldwoods hopes are encouraged when, after talking to Liddy he finds that Bathsheba mentioned remarrying in six years, giving him something to cling onto. Throughout the novel Boldwood thinks constantly about the best possible outcome of a situation. Liddy saying that Bathsheba once mentioned remarrying slowly evolves in his head into him believing that Bathsheba will marry him in six years. He always tries his best to keep himself hopeful. His waking hours once again become devoted to thinking about Bathsheba. In chapter fifty-one Bathsheba goes on a ride with Boldwood in his cart to Weatherbury after finding herself unable to refuse because Oak, her usual driver, was too busy and Boldwood her only alternative. After awkwardly chatting about mutual interests, Boldwood, unable to resist, bluntly asks Mrs. Troy, you will marry again some day? She is taken aback and a long pause ensues before she says she has not seriously thought of such a subject. Boldwood continues to press her, and is clutching for reassurance when he says, You never liked me. Bathsheba then talks about seriously regretting her treatment of him, and Boldwood is desperate and shameless enough to say to her Bathsheba, suppose you had real complete proof that you are what, in fact, you are-a widow-would you repair the old wrong to me by marrying me? These are the words of a truly desperate man; he does not care at all if Bathsheba loves or even likes him, but just wants her to marry him. His current mental state is worse than ever before. He keeps pressuring her about marrying him in six years time and when it seems as if she might decline, he prays on her ill treatment of him in the past, a desperate and dishonourable act. But do give it, remember the past and be kind Bathsheba eventually ends up being telling Boldwood she will tell him of her decision at Christmas. This act of Bathshebas subdues Boldwood, and as before in this situation he leaves her alone until the promised time because those simple words of hers are enough to comfort him into believing that she will eventually marry him. It is as if his life itself is centred around Bathsheba, but I think Bathsheba only promised to consider his proposal because she feared for his sanity. In chapter fifty-two Boldwood holds a grand Christmas party, something that is, evidently from the Authors words, extremely out of character. But Boldwood has sunk so fast towards insanity that his character itself has changed dramatically. Boldwood is very expectant of Bathshebas answer, and deliriously happy in the build-up to the party. Bathsheba fears the party and having to give Boldwood an answer, and deliberately wears mourning clothes to it. Boldwoods cheerful disposition will not be dampened, even when Oak tries to make him more realistic about the situation, to stop him getting his hopes up. But, as has been consistent throughout the novel, Boldwoods moods and feelings are completely uninfluenced by anyones words but Bathshebas. Because of Boldwoods cheerful mood, he increases Oaks salary, this is mainly due to his knowledge of Oaks interest in Bathsheba and seems to me like a consolation prize, because through the mental haze that obscures his judgement, he truly believes Bathsheba is his. It is in chapter fifty-three that Boldwood is finally pushed over the edge. After being verbally beaten into submission, Bathsheba gives her word to marry Boldwood in six years if Troy does not return. Still, this is not quite enough for Boldwood and he requests that she wear a ring he bought for her. The demonic force that appears to be gripping Boldwood as he almost forces the ring onto her finger is too much for Bathsheba, and she begins to cry. Soon after this, Troy arrives at the house and tries to take Bathsheba away and it is at that moment that Boldwood simply erupts he shoots troy with one of the guns on his gun rack. The old Boldwood is now completely gone replaced by a hysterical madman. When Bathsheba had cried out in her husbands grasp, Boldwoods face of gnashing despair had changed. The veins had swollen, and a frenzied look had gleamed in his eye. Able to take no more, Boldwood readies himself to commit suicide with the same gun, but is prevented by Samway. In chapter fifty-five the true extent of Boldwoods obsession with Bathsheba is revealed. He had bought a large number of gifts for he labelled Bathsheba Boldwood and dated six years in advance. His very soul was completely consumed with the idea of marrying her. Boldwood is sentenced to life imprisonment. This novel describes the degeneration of a quiet, reserved and proud man into a crazed, violent and obsessive maniac. Throughout Boldwoods life a certain equilibrium was preserved, and Bathshebas arrival and sending of the valentine disturbed it. He truly was in extremity at once. His mental state became more and more unstable until he finally exploded and shot Sergeant Troy. I believe this was the end of Boldwoods equilibrium, and he would remain mentally ill and preoccupied with the woman he would never have.

Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Power Plant Engineering Essay

Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Power Plant Engineering Essay A performance analysis and optimization of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power-plant is to be performed. The analysis is performed by considering the eight pressure-drop losses within the open cycle during the calculation of the power output which is not considered in classical thermodynamic analysis. The power output can be optimized by adjust the mass flow rate and the distribution of pressure losses along the flow path. The power output also can be optimize by having the optimum fuel flow rate or any of the overall pressure drops as well as the overall pressure ratio. A computer program is to be produced to allow user to obtain the performance analysis based on the parameter entered by the user. Keywords Open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant, pressure drop, pressure ratio. 1. Introduction The gas turbine is unquestionably one of the most important inventions of the 20th century, and it has changed our lives in many ways. Early gas turbines for power generation applications were of low power and their thermal efficiency was too low to be competitive. By the end of the 20th century, however, gas turbines were capable of output up to 300MW with thermal efficiencies of 40 per cent and the gas turbine became widely used in power generation. The power plant usually consists of an air compressor, a heat exchanger, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine. First, the air is being compressed by the air compressor and then being raised its temperature by the heat exchanger before being combusted in the combustion chamber. The air then undergoes expansion in the gas turbine and finally being channel back to the heat exchanger before being released to ambient environment. The gas turbine is used in a wide range of applications. Common uses include power generation plants and military and commercial aircraft. In Jet Engine applications, the power output of the turbine is used to provide thrust for the aircraft. Gas turbines operate on the principal of the Brayton Cycle, which is defined as a constant pressure cycle, with four basic operations which it accomplishes simultaneously and continuously for an uninterrupted flow of power. The Brayton cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that describes the workings of the gas turbine engine that can be used in both internal combustion engines (such as jet engines) and for external combustion engines. It usually consists of a compressor, a combustion chamber and a turbine. The four steps of the cycle are: (1-2) Isentropic Compression-Ambient air compressed in the compressor (2-3) Isobaric Heat Addition-Pressurized air heated in the combustion chamber (3-4) Isentropic Expansion-Expansion of heated pressurized air in the turbine (4-1) Isobaric Heat Rejection-Heat rejection to the atmosphere Pressure ratio Thermal efficiency of a Brayton cycle Isentropic relation 2. Literature review Every gas turbine has three fundamental elements in common, an axial compressor, a combustor and a turbine. These elements work together to produce usable energy. First it converts fuel energy into heat energy and then it harness as much of that heat as possible and converts it into mechanical energy. The more heat it produces, the more energy it can extract. However, basic cycle gas turbine can only achieve maximum efficiency of less than 50%. Thus element such as regenerator, intercooler or reheater can be added to increase its thermal efficiency and the power output. 2.1 Open Cycle Gas Turbine Gas turbines usually operate on an open cycle, as shown in Figure 1. Fresh air at ambient conditions is drawn into the compressor, where its temperature and pressure are raised. The high-pressure air proceeds into the combustion chamber, where the fuel is burned at constant pressure. The resulting high-temperature gases then enter the turbine, where they expand to the atmospheric pressure through a row of nozzle vanes. This expansion causes the turbine blade to spin, which then turns a shaft inside a magnetic coil. When the shaft is rotating inside the magnetic coil, electrical current is produced. The exhaust gases leaving the turbine in the open cycle are not re-circulated. 2.2 Closed Cycle Gas Turbine The open gas-turbne cycle can be modeled as a closed cycle as shown in Figure 2 by utilizing the air-standard assumptions Here the compression and expansion processes remain the same, but the combustion process is replaced by a constant-pressure heat-addition process from an external source, and the exhaust process is replaced by a constant pressure heat-rejection process to the ambient air. 2.3Principal irreversibilities and Losses In real gas turbine, the T-S diagram deviates from an actual gas turbine as a result of irreversibility. There are pressure losses due to fluid friction during compression and expansion. There are also pressure losses during heat addition and heat rejection due to fluid flow. Efficiency of compressor Efficiency of turbine 2.4 Open Cycle Regenerator Gas Turbine Regeneration involves the installation of a regenerative heat exchanger through which the turbine exhaust gases pass. In gas-turbine engines, the temperature of the exhaust gas leaving the turbine is often considerably higher than the temperature of the air leaving the compressor. Therefore, the high-pressure air leaving the compressor can be heated by transferring heat to it from the hot exhaust gases in a counter-flow heat exchanger, which is known as a regenerator. The highest temperature occurring within the regenerator is T4, the temperature of the exhaust gases leaving the turbine and entering the regenerator. Under no conditions can the air be preheated in the regenerator to a temperature above this value. Air normally leaves the regenerator at a lower temperature, T5. In the limiting (ideal) case, the air exits the regenerator at the inlet temperature of the exhaust gases T4. The thermal efficiency of the Brayton cycle increases as a result of regeneration since the portion of energy of the exhaust gases that is normally rejected to the surroundings is now used to preheat the air entering the combustion chamber. 2.5 Brayton cycle with regeneration Thermal efficiency of a Brayton cycle with regeneration: Degree of regeneration 3. Methodologies 3.1 Open regenerated Brayton-cycle for a gas-turbine power-plant Performance analysis will be based on the open cycle regeneration gas turbine power plant model shown above. The cycle consists of a compressor, a regenerator, a combustion chamber, and a gas turbine. 3.2 The temperature-entropy diagram and the flow resistances of the power-plant model The performance analysis will include the with considerations of the eight pressure-drop losses in the intake, compression, regeneration, combustion, expansion and discharge processes and flow process in the piping, the heat-transfer loss to the ambient environment, the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and the turbine, and the irreversible combustion-loss in the combustion chamber. 3.3 Procedure Perform theoretical analysis on the performance of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant by considering the pressure losses. Write a computer program to analyze the performance of an open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant with and without pressure losses. Compare the performance of the open cycle regenerator gas turbine power plant with and without pressure losses. 3.4 Expected results 4. Progress report based on Gantt chart Table 1 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Progress Report Task done July August September October Information research Preparing proposal Study on thermodynamic Study on related journal paper Study on Matlab Study on related mathematical formulae Attempt to plot desired graph Preparation of progress report 4.1 Current progress The above are some of the sample graph plotted that are similar to the expected results. However, the similarities are limited as the degree of regeneration of the regenerator in the expected results remains unknown. The remaining graphs are still in the progress as there are so difficulties encountered with the mathematical formulae. 5. Conclusion The project is going according to the timeline given. Further analysis on the turbineà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s temperature ratio and the regeneratorà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s temperature ratio will help to create the program desired. 6. Recommendation Further study into thermodynamic will ease the progress of this project. There are one particular journal related to the project that is yet to be purchased. Purchasing this journal will solve most of the problem encountered.

Analysis Of The Last Song Essay

Analysis Of The Last Song Essay Now that Miley Cyrus is 17, its about time she played a 16-year-old. That she does fetchingly in The Last Song, and wins the heart of a beach volleyball champion a foot taller than she is. Well, actually 12.5 inches. She also learns to love her dad, played by Greg Kinnear, whose aura suggests a man easier to love than, say, Steve Buscemi. She does this on an idyllic island paradise off Savannah, Georgia, where her dad is a classical composer whose pastime is restoring stained-glass windows. I was trying to remember the last time I felt the way about a girl that Miley Cyrus fans feel about her. That would have been in 1959, when I saw Hayley Mills in Tiger Bay. Oh, she was something. A brave tomboy. She was 12, but I could wait. Its a bit much to ask for the same innocence from Miley, who has already had her first World Tour, but the fact is, she does a good job of making her character Ronnie engaging and lovable. Thats despite her early Alienated Teen scenes. You know its an Alienated Teen when its a lovely day on an island paradise, but she has her hands pulled up inside the sleeves of her sweater and huddles against the chill of the cold, cruel world. I like Miley Cyrus. I like her in spite of the fact that shes been packaged within an inch of her life. I look forward to the day when she squirms loose from her handlers and records an album of classic songs, performed with the same sincerity as her godmother, Dolly Parton. I think itll be a long, long time until she plays a movie character like the free-standing, engaging heroines of Ashley Judd, but I can wait. The Last Song is about how Ronnie (Miley) and her little brother Jonah (Bobby Coleman) are taken by their mother (Kelly Preston) to spend the summer with their dad Steve (Kinnear). She blames her dad for the divorce, is sullen and withdrawn. Ten minutes after she hits the beach (dressed in Gothic black), her milk shake is spilled by a flying volleyball player named Will (Liam Hemsworth). Talk about your Meet Cutes. Gradually she overcomes her hostility to Men and realizes Will is a nice and honorable kid, even though he lives in a vast Southern mansion with insufferable rich parents. Ronnie and Will make an attractive couple, possibly because Miley is standing on a box below camera range. I suspect Hemsworth may have been cast for his appeal to fangirls, rather like Robert Pattinson in Twilight. Hes a little too tall, blonde, blue-eyed and hunky to be super plausible. He can definitely become a star, but it may be in the Peter OToole tradition; I can more easily imagine him in a remake of Lawrence of Arabia than as a settled spouse in a domestic drama. Miley Cyrus, on the other hand, is attractive in the way of a girl you might actually meet. Her acting is unaffected, she can play serious, and she works easily with a pro like Kinnear, whose light comedy skills are considerable and undervalued. She even seems sincere in the face of a plot so blatantly contrived it seems like an after-school special. Would you believe that she and Will bond over sea turtle eggs? Yes, she scares off a raccoon trying to raid a nest of eggs buried in the sand, and mounts an all-night vigil over them. Then she calls the aquarium, and who do you think is the handsome volunteer who responds to the call? Standing watch together the second night, Ronnie and Will start talking, and its only a matter of time until they regard together the itty bitty turtles hurrying toward the sea. The other big crisis of her summer is that she a trained classical pianist, but has just turned down a scholarship to Juilliard because her dad, you see, is such a snake. In a world containing divorce, whats the use of Mozart? The films title relates to this situation, I believe, in some obscure way. Miley does, however, sing in the movie. Shes mad at her dad, but not her fans. The Last Song is based on the novel by Nicholas Sparks, who also wrote the screenplay. Sparks recently went on record as saying he is a greater novelist than Cormac McCarthy. This is true in the same sense that I am a better novelist than William Shakespeare. Sparks also said his novels are like Greek Tragedies. This may actually be true. I cant check it out because, tragically, no really bad Greek tragedies have survived. His story here amounts to soft porn for teenage girls, which the acting and the abilities of director Julie Anne Robinson have promoted over its pay scale. The movie is intended, of course, for Miley Cyrus admirers, and truth compels me to report that on that basis alone, it would get four stars. But we cannot all be Miley Cyrus fans, and these days you rarely hear Hayley Mills mentioned. Yet I award the film two and a half stars. To be sure, I resent the sacrilege Nicholas Sparks commits by mentioning himself in the same sentence as Cormac McCarthy. I would not even allow him to say Hello, bookstore? This is Nicholas Sparks. Could you send over the new Cormac McCarthy novel? He should show respect by ordering anonymously. But it seems unfair to penalize Miley Cyrus fans, Miley herself, and the next Peter OToole for the transgressions of a lesser artist.

Citizen Kane: Charles Foster Kane - Who Was He? :: essays research papers

Citizen Kane: Charles Foster Kane - Who Was He? The story of Citizen Kane drew many people to the theatres since they wanted to find out who this Kane fellow is or was. It is unarguably one of the best films ever produced. Orson Wells portrays Kane as mysterious person but also a sad person. The different accounts are shown throughout the movie through the reporter wanting to find out who or what Rosebud is. Rosebud was Kane's last dying words. The first person the reporter Jerry Thompson sees is the owner of Walter Parks Thatcher's estate and holdings. Thatcher is long dead and who? visits his library and is allowed to inspect the financier's memoirs in manuscript. Through Thatcher's words we see Kane as a boy playing with his sled on a snow-swept Colorado farm. Through his mother, the boy has just inherited a great fortune. Unable to settle his bill, a prospector who boarded with the Kanes left behind stock certificates that make Mrs. Kane the sole owner of one of the world's great silver mines. She then makes her son the ward of the bank that administers her estate, and Thatcher, whom the angry young Kane bashes with a sled, takes the boy East to be raised. The movie then shows Kane growing up, making life miserable for Thatcher. The mature Kane decides to take direct control of a small, struggling newspaper, and immediately begins using it to attack Thatcher and others among America's financial elite. This displays the mystery with Kane as he wants to expand on something small into something big, but we don't know what. The next account was given by Bernstein, Kane's devoted assistant. He explains the beginnings as a newspaper czar and his takeover of the New York Enquirer, in which he fired its editor, hired an expensive, top-notch staff, and enlisted his college friend Jedediah Leland as the drama critic. Kane is at first a crusader for the understanding, opening his first editorial with a "declaration of principles." He becomes a champion of the little person, hyping his circulation with juicy scandals, crime exposes, etc. In a surprise move Kane marries Emily Norton, the president's niece. For the first time here we see Kane starting a love story. However this wasn't to last and it paved the way for the second-love. The reporter then visits a half-drunk Susan Alexander in a nightclub. She recalls her meeting and eventual affair with the married Kane and their discovery by Leland, who is led to their love nest by Kane's political rival, "Big Jim" Gettys. Until that point, Kane is heavily favored to defeat Gettys in

The Things They Carried :: essays research papers

In Tim O'Brien's 'The Things They Carried'; detailed description and realism were used to capture the audience and draw them into the actual events in the story, allowing them to feel the burden of emotional and physical weight on the characters, who were fighting to preserve their sanity and lives. The vivid detail and realistic narration were only tools used by the author to prepare a story that goes beyond the war in Vietnam, focusing on the other things that soldiers carried - inner thoughts, feelings, and emotions.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story was brought to life by the realistic but disjointed narration of the author, illustrated by returning to the death of Ted Lavender throughout the story. Someone who had actually experienced similar events could only write the story with such detail. The repetitive narration describing the accumulation of things they carried eventually had meaning. This was the way their lives had become, step by step, ounce by ounce. The repetition reached a climax when the author revealed the heaviest of all the things they carried, 'They carried all the emotional baggage of men who might die'; (paragraph 77).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main characters in the story were First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and Martha, a college student who wrote to him. The story flowed from beginning to end, characterizing the changes in Jimmy Cross as he dealt with his emotions as well as the responsibility to the men in his platoon. In the beginning of the story he was depic ted as a Jones 2 boyish leader with dreams of Martha being his escape from the senseless reality of the war. When one of his men was killed he accepted the responsibility and guilt, which changed him into the leader he thought he should have been – forgetting Martha and protecting his men. This plot linked together all the actions and events that happened in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tim O'Brien used third-person point of view to tell the story. The omniscient angle of vision enabled him to reveal the thoughts and actions of all the characters. He graphically illustrated this when describing the 'freedom birds'; they dreamed about, taking them away while on guard at night (paragraph 81). There were many similar examples throughout the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main idea of the story was well defined by literary critic Joanne McCarthy when she wrote, 'Pranksters must become killers, dreamers must become realists – or someone dies'; (McCarthy par.

The Use of Imagery in Refugee Mother and Child by Chinua Achebe :: Refugee Mother and Child Chinua Achebe Essays

Refugee Mother and Child is a poem that seems to be written to arouse response from the reader. The pitiful image of a mother holding the corpse of her son is not only sourcing empathy from the reader but also helps the reader reflect on their own fortunate lives. In fact, Chinua Achebe is a leading writer for African causes, especially for the injustices in the world. The first stanza seems to be written as an introduction to the following stanza. The poet begins by allowing the reader to visualize the – â€Å"Picture of a mother’s tenderness for a son she soon would have to forget.† This immediately conveys the theme of ‘death of a child’ and also helps set the ‘sorrowful’ mood of the poem. The short introduction allows the reader to settle them down and focus more on the tragic scene, thus maximizing the response from the reader. Following the ‘theme’ and ‘mood’ set by the first stanza, the second stanza described the living environment of the â€Å"Refugee Mother and Child† as – â€Å"The air was heavy with odours of diarrhoea of unwashed children with washed-out ribs and dried-up bottoms struggling in laboured steps behind blown empty bellies† The filthy image of the environment that the mother and child lived in is projected through negative connotation. For example, the words ‘odours’ and ‘diarrhoea’ suggests the presence of diseases and sicknesses. This allows the reader to imagine a smelly and filthy place crammed with ill people. The reference to illness, which seems to be a link with the theme of ‘death’, foreshadows the tragic story of the mother and her dead son although it has not been clearly stated that her son is dead. Furthermore, the grotesque image of the setting is strongly reinforced by the mentioning of â€Å"unwashed children with washed out ribs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Chinua uses the children as a clear symbol of innocence and the unfortunate, as the children has been given birth in places where vital resources such as water and food are lacking. This will naturally allow the reader to reflect on their own fortunate lives and raise awareness of these unfortunate children living in famines. The words ‘laboured steps’ also suggests child labour, linking to real cases in lesser economically countries such as Africa, China and Algeria. As the second stanza continues, the constant reference to death is evident when the poet describes the – â€Å"ghost smile between† the mother’s â€Å"teeth and in her eyes the ghost of a mother’s pride.† The careful choice of the technique, personification, enables the reader to visualize the emptiness of the mother’s smile and spirit, by comparing the nouns ‘smile’ and ‘eyes’ with ‘ghost’, which communicates the idea of death.

Brand consciousness Essay

â€Å"This research report is to aid Article Circle Limited of Canada in the exporting of diamonds to the Indian market.†A brand is an offering from a known source. Brand Consciousness is more than simply a preference for brand names. The term luxury was limited to only the rich and the elite, but today in India, disposable incomes and of middle class and upper middle class are increasing. The consumers in India are also very brand Conscious. The scenario being so in India, this research facilitates Arctic Circle to exploit the opportunity by crafting a unique set marketing strategies for the Indian market. INTRODUCTION India is set for a dramatic expansion of domestic consumption that will make the country one of the largest consumer markets in the world. If overall economic growth remains 7 to 8 per cent, as most economists expect, then consumption will increase. It is estimated that real consumption will grow from Rs 17 trillion today to Rs 70 trillion by 2025. This will take India into the premier league among the world’s consumer markets. The primary driver of India’s growth as a consumer economy will thus be increasing incomes. Our analysis shows that average real household disposable income is set to grow from Rs 113,744 in 2005 to Rs 318,896 by 2025, a compound annual growth rate of 5.3 per cent. Rising incomes will also create a sizeable and largely urban middle class is expected to will swell to 583 million people or 41 per cent of the population. While the growth in Indian incomes and consumption will deliver substantial societal benefits with further declines in poverty, the growth of a large middle class spells an opportunity for the manufacturers and the invasion of multinational brands is sure to change the dynamics of market phenomena. While the corporate spending on branding is high and what kind of Marketing strategies the companies will have to craft for the Brand – Conscious Indian Market is the question which is left unanswered. Therefore, the present study is an attempt to explore ‘The influence of Brand Consciousness on Indian consumers to buy the Diamonds(Luxury Product) of Arctic Circle. Given the understanding of the  extant literature this study is expected to provide directions on the phenomena for practicing manager on understanding that Indian`s are more Brand-Conscious. Therefore, the objective of this study is to build a marketing strategy model for the Brand-Conscious Indian Consumers. LITERATURE REVIEW A survey in 2008 indicated that India is among top 5 countries when it comes to Brand Consciousness. A country where savings rate is very high (nearly 36%) and where top 10% percent of people hold 53% of the wealth of this nation and lower 20% own about 1%, it is hard to believe that brand consciousness is on the rise. A brand becomes a brand after how it is perceived by people, the image that it projects and the quality and promise to customers which it upholds. Most of the brand names out there today have become a symbol of a characteristic quality which they have imbibed in them self, a quality which leaves a consumer’s mind wondering after its usage.(live mint.com, priyanka mehra) India is an emerging market, being a part of a developing economy. The consumers now to a certain extent have started differentiating between what every brand of a product has to offer, which tightens the competition because it’s not only about that little puma on your shirt or the bitten apple on your phone. Until now the premium brands were catering to the high end consumers and they have carved out their niche in this segment of market, but now they are getting aware of the needs of the other segments of the society specifically the middle class. Being the real savers they are being targeted by the premium brands. These brands are now coming out with the products keeping in mind this segment of market. Indian middle class believes putting their money where they can get equivalent and possibly more value and if the premium brand can facilitate this then the local producers have a competition. So brand consciousness is on rise in Indian market and the premium brand can capitalize on it.(live mint.com, priyanka mehra) Luxury brands are now for the ones that can afford them and India has a lot of potential given the high disposable income of the growing middle class. By knowing how purchasers consider, are affected, pick and utilize their  items, luxury brands can make products that join straight with buyers seeks and will, also, be skilled to have a much clearer meaning of what their promoting destinations ought to be keeping in mind the end goal to achieve the potential purchaser. By Understanding shopper’s choice making process, organizations can distinguish chances and dangers that may emerge in the commercial center. ( Rohit Arora, Strategic Planning Director, Bates Pan Gulf (BPG Group), Dubai, UAE) Companies will have to come up with a set of unique techniques which must be a mix of sponsorships, mold shows, superstar support, publicizing and PR. (Ana Margarida Forja de Macedo de Carvalho). There are eight mainstays of Luxury Brand Marketing, for example Performance, Pedigree, Paucity, Persona, Public figures, Placement, Public relations and Pricing. The 8 P’s of luxury showcasing can give a comprehensive structure to extravagance advertisers.( Rohit Arora, Strategic Planning Director, Bates Pan Gulf (BPG Group), Dubai, UAE). Luxury marketers and retailers have proven their resilience in a tough economy by sticking to their USPs: impeccable craftsmanship, artisanal, bespoke, exclusivity and razor-sharp service. (4 Luxury Marketing Ideas for 2013 Karen Weiner Escalera, president & chief strategist at KWE Partners, details four ways in which luxury brand marketers can reinvent their marketing strategies for 2013). 2013 will be the year where luxury brands must raise the bar by reinventing and reinvigorating their marketing strategies and look for new ways to brand and create new profit centres. One of the innovative marketing strategies is Themed experiences which means Retail environments are becoming â€Å"themed brand stores† that serve as temples of socialisation; places where people don’t just pass through, but immerse in a world where they’ll stay, explore, have fun, meet others with the same passion, even learn – and do it with style. Secondly, Accessible Customisation which means Traditionally, â€Å"real† luxury delivered individualised products based on a buyer’s personal preferences, tastes and budget. Last but not the least, Online Stores through which the luxury brands by Creating brand merchandise can strengthen customer loyalty and enlist fans to spread your name on the streets. (4 Luxury Marketing Ideas for 2013 Karen Weiner Escalera, president & chief strategist at KWE Partners, details four ways in which luxury brand marketers can reinvent their marketing strategies for 2013). OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The Objective of this study is to build a marketing strategy model for the Brand-Conscious Indian Consumers. LIMITATIONS OF STUDY The study is completely based on Secondary research which was undertaken 2 years ago, when the economic conditions of India was far superior than what it is today. So doing a primary research in today’s economic conditions in India would help in coming into proper conclusions. CONCLUSION This study aimed at devising Marketing Strategies for the Artic Circle, a Canadian based Diamond company to understand the psychology of the Indian Consumers and buying behaviours of the average growing middle class Indian Consumers with increasing disposable incomes. Various articles and research papers suggest that Indians rank three in the world in terms of Brand-Consciousness. So there is an opportunity which can be untapped by Artic Circle Diamond Company. Uncovering of the underlying dimensions of consumer aspirations as it relates to Brand-Consciousness provides managers with the underlying dimensions of fundamental needs of the consumers and therefore provide directions as to make decisions in their offerings in terms of product/services, communication, designing accessibility and pricing the same. The study also provides directions on the decisions on these, given the temporal considerations under which the manager is making the decisions. BIBLIOGRAPHY Arora, R. (n.d.). Eight P`s of Luxury Brand Marketing. Dubai. Ashish Mansharamani, F. D. Marketing of Luxury Goods. Carr, T. (2013). The luxury market outlook 2013. Luxury Daily . Carvalho, A. M. (2012). â€Å"Consumer behavior in the luxury industry: Getting a grasp on consumers,Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivationsâ€Å". Chaturvedi, D. (2010). India is next luxury goods hub. ET Bureau. Contributor, G. (2010, 1). The business of fashion. Mumbai. Escalera, K. W. (2013). Four Luxury Marketing ideas for 2013. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Krawitz, A. (2012, 09 06). Advertising diamonds. Mehra, P. ( 2008. , 3 27). India ranks 3rd in brand consciousness. Mumbai, India. Nielsen. Indians among top three Brand Conscious. Steve Hodgson, M. D. (2007, april). Confidence in Diamonds: Mine to market conference.

Studying in Group at High School in Beijing: a Survey

entirelytvas in mathematical base at t each coach in Beijing A report LV YUJIA Louisa Student chip 09010022 Name of the Lecturer Edwin Baak Date 12/26/2011 Renda B 09 Ac receiptledgements Thanks for my recall doses Zhao Shanshan and Hu Surui fortune finish the re front mindnaire to savants. I am re solelyy grateful to teacher Mr. Baak to his multipurpose guidance to write this paper. Table of content Abstract. 3 1. Introduction.. . 5 1. priming.. . 5 2. Statement of the line. 7 1. reexamination of the literature.. 2. goal and broadsheetment used. 10 3. Results.. 11 4. Discussions. .. 12 5. Conclusions. .. 13 6. Recommendations. 14 1. entrancek recommendations.. .. 14 2. Issued-related recommendations. 14 References 15 accompaniment A.. 17 The Abstract Nowadays, with the hotfoot up of world economy, the world is fair gauzyer and smaller, so that the con testify among hoi polloi from distinct ountries is becoming fierce, which is the motivation to crusa de masses to electron orbit of honor hard so as to survive in the warring world. People al substances take heed to distinguish the befitable probe regularitys to upgrade the potentness. all perusing in a mathematical assembly or perusing completely(predicate) is the erupt manner of life has caused public vie. Some pile hold that on that transport is no denying that examine in a mathematical root exerts lordly impact on m whatsoever aspects. beginning(a) and fore approximately, theatering in a group, the positive(p)ial information methods in some(prenominal) coachs, is beneficial to rough-cut realizeing, which ordain enhance educatees confabulation abilities.Besides, the susceptibility of solving chores go discover definitely be correctd, for they rear end strike jock from riveners. die just now non least, Student bottom issue well when he is admiting with a group of pupils because he eject find oneself not bad(predicate) co nceits from antithetics which he fall apartt cheat and to a broader extent over he pass on not quality bore darn he is bailiwicking. If he got any doubts magic spell flying fielding, he can clarify the doubts immediately. opposite wad strongly convey that thither be many a(prenominal) educatees who contain got coarse achievements by carrying exclusively force per unit atomic number 18a that independent jazzledge is feasible and much effective. To put it an different route, iodin can athletic field without any disturbance.While nurtureing solely he cant eviscerate practiced ideas. If he got any doubt, it cannot be clarify by his own. Then it ordaining be clip waste for him. For example, while he is hireing al angiotensin converting enzyme if the subject is not absorb to him, his mind may get withdraw from the subject and concentration go forth be lost. rootage, I will go to the initiate to do a survey active bring in the grade. Second, the questionnaire topic is in all probability approximately do you deliberate weigh in group? And, which demeanor is come apart for you? Is analyse in group or seeing totally? Third, I would hire close to questions to close to p arnts and teachers.Key word satisfactory steering to strike, group select, study merely, steep rail, surpass procreation, person-to-person training 1. Introduction 1. Background In the 21st century, most of the family has an hardly child out of the police in china. Such a child is an orchard apple tree in the eyes in a family. It is every p arnts desire to give their children the better(p) start in life, they would the comparables of to chase a surmount focus to their children and get a wide education. virtually all students were enlightened by one-on-one. And around students brace an exist of hold cultivation. At the comparable date, the conventional educational means confronts a considerable contend.Some pargonnts entertain their child study merely because of they believe that it is a healthy way to concentrate on his or her study. before long on that distributor point has been a fierce debate over whether students should go to enlighten study in group or study exclusively at house. Views on the hot issue vary greatly. Advocates of studying alone hold the reachs of students are well documented. Students who study at home by themselves are often described as much confident, independent and worldly wise than naturalizes student counterpart. Because of they deficiency to independently read more than(prenominal) books and webpage to look for more information.Moreover, at that place are many ways to acquire knowledge, much(prenominal) as distance learning, one-on-one clear up and in short on. Students can direct a costly way to study consort to different situation. Worst of all, reports are often construed that about students committed self-annihilation or murdered th eir roommates. So that, some people direct to study alone and even gave up the opportunity of go to school delinquent to severe pres for sure from the student will be oppose with others. On the other hand, innovative as distance-learning technology may be, it can come after classrooms altogether. True education should not be confined to the delivery of information.It should involve the close of effective learning habits, the development of group discussion skills and the encouragement of collaboration as well, which we cannot find in online course. More consequentially, campus-based education tend to foster a mentoring confederation between educators and learners while in reality, distance education rarely serve wells to establish a mentoring relationship between the faculty members and the students, ascribable to the long physical distance. Amid these people who go argued in study ways the mellowed students take up quite overlarge proportion.According to a net of educat ion, at least half of high schools students go by means of tutoring alone. And most students parents willing to spent bills on study alone. Thus if you regard to explore the tidy way to study, you must direction on high school students. There are many curtilages to strike the students of high school as respondents. Firstly, students stupefy more experience than other school of basic education. Secondly, there is bitter competition for student. As is well know the college capture exam is a real challenge to students, students want to do their trump out to flirt the challenge.Thus they will choose a good way to study at any cost. Finally, and above all, the competition is fierce and the nine-hour test is offered just once a form and is the sole determinant for admission to well-nigh all Chinese colleges and universities. Moreover, the college entrance testing is seen as potentially life-changing. If you enter a university through the exam, your life career and prox lif e will be decide. Everyone attaches great importance to this exam. In recent years, the field of education breaks a hot industry. Meanwhile, more and more chores appear in education.For school study, they always forge a rank and everyone can see the results of other students to see all the students of all grade rankings. This measure will undoubtedly bring them great pressure to study, even affect wellness and life. We often read the brisks student suicides of form the news paper. However, student is more confidence who study alone at home. They can get the tutoring which is face-to-face. It is a very good and effective way of learning. barely it is not a good way to good communication skills and has team kick the bucket spirit. 2. Statement of the problem Each one has its own superiority.During the re hunt clubing course, I try to dismember and study to this problem from different point of view. I research many different questions, such as which ways of study of you ident ical, do you call in some problem exist in study in a group, how long you will study at home everyday and soon on. I survey this question cod to we drive know whether students more economic who study alone, whether more and more student fall apartt like study at school, whether there are some problems exist in tradition education, whether study alone is better than studying in a group, whether parent sand teachers of students support to study alone and so on. . Review of literature According to this literature, there are other factors affect students. Its action cannot small inspect. Firstly, its important to spend your time productively. Students need to make a intelligibly devises and schedule, meanwhile, they should to learn the top student has no intrusions on study time. Secondly, every student should seek out a method of learning which is suit to him/her. They cannot copy other peoples ways due to the different level of different students.Finally, if you dont consecrat e any enkindle in study and even dont know why you need to study, you cannot get a high stool even if you stand in a good group or moderate a good tutor. They need improve their skill and prolong fun. Indeed, study skills are not the most important things. still there are the bases of study. When you finish it, the environment will become more important. To be sure, people are different. Everyone should to choose a way which is adapt to him or her to study. For this literature, we know that there are main ways to study. One of this is belong to studying in a group and others are belong to study alone.They are group study, one-on-one tutoring and distance education. gathering study is well-being to establish the confidence of students. It can comfortably build team spirit among schoolmate. If you are one member of a group, you will be watching by other members in the group. You will have to try harder due to you wanting to more undefeated and getting the credit for. Moreov er, a group likes a piece. Everyone will do their best to help you when your stand in the same group. Solving problem will become easier, because youre not alone, and there is strength in numbers At the same time, a problem exists in the group.A member of group in charge of a part so that they cannot project the whole of one topic which is his or her group researched. If you study alone, you need do anything by yourself. It is a better way to acquire new knowledge and research questions. The tutoring of one-on-one is benefit to everyone due to the pertinence of student. When you distract to some things, you will not worry didnt hear what the teacher was saying. If you could not compass the simplest problems, you could fill your tutor and do not worries to be laughed by other classmate. And teacher will follow you and choose the best way and important course to you.However, we cannot overlook the detriment of this way. First, if you choose tutoring of one-on-one, you will lose the billet of activities with other classmates. I maybe feel tired and boring for study alone. Second, it is not easy to find out a textbook to adapt you. Third, you do not know the level of tutoring teacher. You maybe cannot stir a teacher which tutor is suit to you. quad education has the advantage of inexpensive and easy to allay time. Students can study on anywhere and any time. study with one-on-one tutor is a good way to save money and get pointed comments on study. just it still has some problems. First, there are a lot of tutor from 3rd world due to they want to save money. They do not know the system of your country and cannot give you a good idea of study. Moreover, sometimes we cannot comely the on-line tutor to know about didactics level. Lastly, training on-line is not a good way to communication with teacher. Because the internet is not very stability, the velocity is very slow. Sometimes we will privation some information due to the latency. If you can learning of face-to-face, you can use the soundbox language explain your mind. 3. Design and Measurements usedThere are three kinds of people are sex act to this survey. They are parents, teachers and students. Thus, the questionnaire includes three aspect questions to different people. However, the high school students who will get hold of more in-depth questions as the main respondents. The questionnaire consists in general of three parts. In the first place, the question is about the basic information of all participants. And, the participants will be arranging to different groups according to the basic information. For example, girls and boys will have different choice when they face to some things.If students can choose the school, girls maybe steering on school uniform which schools is more beautiful and boys will be attracts to excellent sporting facilities. In the second place, the question is about the extant problems and advantage. Such as, what problem you face in study in a group or study alone. This part will be conducive to we find out the problem in the two ways and help us solve on-line(prenominal) problems more correctly to choose a good way to study. Finally, the investigations are focus on the expectantly things. Such as, which ways you want to add in your study process.We need know which ways of study of people like in further and therefore further research. 4. Result The survey shows that there are seventy share students choose studying in a group is a good way to study. There are two reasons Two-thirds of this people gave reason is that they cannot make a good plan and control themselves. One-thirds of this people gave the reason is that they can make new friend and have activities with others. But sixty percent of these persons have experience to study alone by one-on-one tutoring. And nearly cardinal people would like to try to study alone in future.Students who support study alone are a good way to study about thirty percent. Most pe ople trust that it is a great help for my quick better the score. However, nine out of ten people claim that it is a method to help study but it is the main way to study. One ninth of the students choose to get the tutor by one-on-on due to they need to be target. A tenth of the students choose the on-line tutoring. They believe that it can save money and easy to control the teaching time. The last part is about the parents and teachers of students. Almost all parents and teachers support study in a group.But they always believe that if their children and students would like to improve the level of student they will to encourage these students. 5. Conclusion My question is that what is better way to study? It can be found there are many ways to study. Firstly, study skills are important whatever you studying in a group or study alone. Secondly, the research show that most people rally group study is better to study. Lastly, studying alone solely as the partner study method. Howe ver, some students are privilege to study alone who are an fair student or a hapless student.They believe that they can get the effective guidance from the one-on-one tutoring. Other students are support studying in a group who are top student. They claim that it is unnecessary spent to a close teacher. For teachers and parents, they have the same viewpoint. necessitate alone is a way to help student to improve themselves, but it is not the best way to study. If the student can understand the knowledge in the class, study alone is not necessary. 6. Discussion The survey that includes the high school student, and hardly search the answer form my brothers class.The class only have 60 members is not enough to a prefect research. For the troupe of teacher and parents, the research is more tarnish due to small group in search. So the study is no authorized answer to these questions. And there too have some problem in this research. For example, there have many ways to study, s uch as, study in a teaching center, study by yourself and soon on. But I only search the study in group. And the way of study alone also has many ways. This paper only aim to a small group who study in high school. Actually, there has a small group study alone now.All in all, the survey has its limitation. pic 7. Recommendations 1. seek recommendation Firstly, you need to read a lot of articles what you want to research. Because this can help you gain a main idea of the field. Meanwhile, you will get the different perspectives from different authors. Moreover, making notes is also important to search a problem. Due to we need to understand what the articles say. It is not only to copy it. Next, most information is coming from the Internet which is not regular compare with other donnish books. We should go to the library to find information.Lastly but not least, the investigator needs to search from different groups in a position community and different level. One palm people is different to other fields. 2. Issue-related recommendations First of all, the people should focus on a variety of ways to ask questions. For example, Likert weighing machine guarantees a survey to including the overall aspects of the problem which is very useful. We can ensure that the length of the questionnaire, which respond may a a couple of(prenominal) time. And, there has a easy way to ask questions of the model. Another example is APA style, it is also a good way to sure where the literature.It not only useful to source to found out more point, but also telling the reader where the point from. It is a good way to make you researcher more regular and have authority. References * Brain Stocker How To Study Alone, August 26, 2008 from http//www. test-preparation. ca/study-center/how-to-study-alone/ * Francois Betim, Reference and Education Published celestial latitude 9, 2008 How to Study Alone and Pass Exams, from * Dr. dog Kizlik,(1997) Effective Study Skills. How to Stu dy and defecate the Most of Your Time September 19, 1997,from http//www. adprima. com/studyout. htm * Wikipedia contributor(2011) Distance education, from http//en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Distance_education * Tutorfi(2009), Benefits of One on One Online Tutoring specialised Teaching Methodology. From http//www. tutorfi. com/OnlineTutoringDefined/oneononeonlinetutoring * Merryjazz(2006),The Advantages and Disadvantages of Study Groups, From http//www. studyskillsblog. com/the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-study-groups/ * Grace Fleming(2009), Would Group Study Improve Your Grades? About. com Guide, from http//homeworktips. about. com/od/homeworkhelp/a/study. htm * Bruno Linhares(2005), Distance education or distance learning, from http//en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Distance_education * Anton Lebedev(2011), The Disadvantages of Online Tutoring, from http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-TutoringHYPERLINK http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&id=47812 85 http//ezinearticles. com/? The-Disadvantages-of-Online-Tutoring&id=4781285id=4781285 * Guestbook(2001), Group Tutoring vs. One-on-One Tutoring, from http//www. squidoo. com/group-tutoring-vs-one-on-one-tutoring Appendix A Questionnaires What is the better way to study? 1. punctuate your gender group. Please choose only one of the following ?Male ? pistillate 2. verification an age group. Please choose only one of the following ? 16-19 ? 20-23 ? 24-27 ? 28+ If none of these, please state what you think here__________ 3. Please take your grade in school or your child(or students) in? ?G1-G6 ? G7-G9 ? G10-G11 ? G12 or over 4. Tick where do you study now ?School ? Home ? Others 5. Tick you get good grades in school ?Great ? General ? Lower-middle ? Bad If you like you can write you score__________ 6. Do you think the academic environment is important? ?Yes ? No ? Doesnt matter . Which is better way for you or child? ?Studying in a group ? Studying alone 8. Do you please a tutor of one-on-one? ?Yes ? No ? never 9. Could you bear in mind attentively and cautiously in class? ?Yes ? No ? Most ? less 10. Do you want to study alone? ?Yes ? No 11. Are you always discussed the problem with your classmate? ?Yes ? No ? Sometimes ? Never 12. What would you like to do at home? ?Study ? Play ? Housework ? others 13. Do you think the distance education is a good way to study? ?Yes ? No 14.How many hours did you have for learning everyday? ?1-4hours 4-8hours ? 8hours or over 15. Are you always reviewing your lessons carefully after going back home? ?yes ? no ? sometimes 16. Do you have the initiative for learning? ?Active learning ? Can finish ? Can not finish 17. Do you have confident in your ability? ?Yes ? No 18. Do you always attend the discussion in the group? ? everlastingly ? Sometimes ? Never 19. For study, do you to send from your classmate? ?Always ? electric toys ? camera ? other 20. Do you have a good plan for study?

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy Essay

Technology is shifting at a faster rate resulting in development of new methods that assist in satisfactory completion of certain technological demand. This has given birth to different enterprise architecture frameworks that fulfill the specific requirements of day-to-day activities. Architecture is a framework of guidelines, principles, models, standards and strategies that directs, social construction and development of business process, design and information and resources through enterprise. Hence, free enterprise architecture is a blueprint, which defines the structure and operation of a given organization (Fowler & Rice 2003).The growth of such a economic theory isnt sufficient.The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) is an enterprise architecture framework, which approaches the further development of enterprise information architecture through design, planning, governance and implementation.This EA framework employs twenty four pillars to achieve its goals: Applicati on, Business, Technology and Data. Before the architect own plans for current and future aims of the organization, they are provided with foundation architectures how that form the basis that they will use for the new development. The four pillars play a crucial major role in ensuring that the process is successful.Management is merely one of the essential pursuits which play a valuable part in the additional information systems also .

The original aim of the TOGAF was to design and develop technology modern architecture for a given business entity. However, the framework has evolved becoming a methodology that is used to analyze overall business architecture. This resulted into splitting of the enterprise methodology into two parts: Architecture further Development Method (ADM) and Enterprise continuum. The ADM ensures that the enterprise architecture meets the minimum requirements of the organization in terms of business needs and information technology needs.Information methods that what are complex control leverage new technologies and concepts or companies from having the ability to adapt to be able to compete.For example, Phase C combines Application and available Data architecture and phase B and C ensure that the clarity of the information gothic architecture is achieved (Lankhorst 2005).For the ADM to be successful, Enterprise Continuum comes handy. Generally, the Enterprise Continuum can be seen as a ‘virtual repository’ of all the assets of the architecture that is in an organization. These assets may include architectural patterns, architectural models, architecture descriptions and other important artifacts.At best, it tap into a diverse range of abilities and solutions empty can result in a more holistic strategy and also improve the overall understanding of our professionals.

Usually there is a relationship between the different EA frameworks in terms of how it operates and ways deeds that enables it to accomplish its duties. Zachman Framework and TOGAF ADM part fair share some common features. ADM mapping in relation to the Zachman Framework supports a correlation.The Zachman Framework has a well established and comprehensive taxonomy that supports various models, viewpoints wired and other important artifacts, which an enterprise may consider developing as a phase of the EA (White 2007).Organizations unable to satisfy the generous donation could be requested to submit supporting documentation, including salary programs for other graduate-level interns or an operating budget.The main purpose of the architecture is to define viewpoints, an aspect that is supported by the TOGAF ADM but lacks in Zachman Framework. Zachman Framework vertical axis provides a source of potential viewpoints worth while the horizontal may provide generic taxonomy concerns. Thus, the Zachman Framework does not have means good for processes for conformant views or developing viewpoints. Hence, it does not full employ a perspective that is shown by TOGAF’s ADM.Our company is about to offer top excellent custom writing dilute solutions to you.

Hence, the columns that are in the FEAF matrix correspond to the three gothic architecture domains that are supported by TOGAF; the fourth TOGAF domain covers business gothic architecture that lacks in the FEAF structure.Enterprise Architecture Planning (EAP) is a framework that brings together Applications, additional Information and Technology Architectures in fulfilling the requirements of architecture. Thus, it shares many concepts keyword with TOGAF because the aim of EAP is to form blueprints for architectures to solve business problems. Moreover, EAP supports the nine phases that are supported by the TOGAF (White 2007).There are a first great deal of additional ways that youll be able to use to increase how their writing abilities.Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) defines the architecture systems into consistent and complementary views. It defines a structure logical and mechanisms that help in understanding, visualizing and assimilating the complexiti es and broad scope of a example given architecture design through tabular, graphic and textual means. Thus, it shares minimal aspect with TOGAF.In fact, TOGAF main focus on the methodology of architecture in terms of â€Å"how to† without bringing into consideration architecture description constructs.There are advantages deeds that are given to the enterprises.

DODAF requires that all information, analysis and new products to build should be put forefront before building the architecture. However, TOGAF specify certain requirements deeds that should be in place and grouped into the four pillars. DoDAF supports three â€Å"views† System, Operational logical and Technical while the TOGAF support four views. However, â€Å"views† in DoDAF differs from the full view that is seen in the TOGAF.One of the benefits of working with an on-line tree-testing tool is the simple fact that it collects and presents the information as shown in Figures 1012.Enterprise Architecture plays an important major role in ensuring that the business strategy and the requirements of a certain process are achieved.TOGAF approach is useful in achieving a business-oriented process through a well defined methodology. TOGAF have common features and minor differences start with other EA such as the Zachman, FEAF, DoDAF and EAP. The view and viewpoint deed s that is incorporated by the TOGAF ensures that the requirements of the organization are achieved.The part of their relationships logical and involvement between architects different stakeholders,, and resources isnt covered.

(2005). Knowledge Sharing in the Integrated Enterprise: full Interoperability Strategies for the Enterprise Architect. London: Birkhauser. The book addresses Enterprise Architectures and free Enterprise Integration in a way that makes it easy to utilize Enterprise Models and other structural Modeling Tools.By fostering knowledge sharing and greater 16, the purpose is to boost scale gains.Fowler, M. & Rice, D. (2003). Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture.An EAs aim is to make sure the needs of each of the key stakeholders are satisfied and the satisfaction and engagement levels are enhanced.

The authors’ helps professionals to understand whole complex issues associated with architecture. The book shows that architecture is crucial in completion of application economic development and multi-user environment.In addition, the book provides patterns and context in EA that enables the reader to have proper means to make the right decisions. Lankhorst, M.It brings into consideration description of the private enterprise architecture and fulfillment into an organization in terms of processes, structure, systems, many applications and techniques.The book brings into consideration description of components and unambiguous specification to allow for a logical modeling language. They utilize their skills in ensuring that the architects have concrete skills that fulfill the architectural practice. It also gives means that allows communication between stakeholders that are involved in these architectures.(2003). A practical Guide to Enterprise Architecture. New York: Pre ntice Hall PTR. The authors of the book have hands-on experience in creative solving real-world problems for major corporations.(2003). Guide to Enterprise IT Architecture.New York: Springer Publishers. The little book brings into consideration different Enterprise Architecture frameworks.

& Weill, P. (2006).Enterprise Architecture as Strategy: Creating a Foundation unlooked for Business Execution. Chicago: Harvard Business Press.Scheer, A. & Kruppke, H. (2006). Agility by ARIS Business making Process Management.Thus, the book is business oriented with EA playing an important role. Schekkerman, J. (2003). How to Survive in the Jungle of Enterprise Architecture Frameworks, 2nd Ed.Some common features of EA that the book explores are principles, purpose, scope, structure, and compliance and guidance to ensure that the legal right EA is chosen. Wagter, R. & Steenbergen, M. (2005).