Managerial Discretion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managerial Discretion - Essay Exampleer, directors need to be open to exercise their own judgment in hiring decisions, strategic planning, effective administration and resource allocation decisions. The force of not allowing such perceptiveness would be a lumbering organization that is unable to take spry actions that flush toilet obtain it competitive in a global marketplace. Absence of managerial discretion would deuce-ace to a heavily bureaucratized high society that takes much more time to make and implement strategic decisions than its competitors and olibanum would fall by the wayside. At the same time, allowing managers to run amok with their own preferences can be every bit dangerous by setting up a situation in which conflicting decisions argon do at different levels of an organization that end up stalling progress. The effective organization strikes just the the right way balance by allowing a high degree of managerial discretion while instituting appropriate co nstraints to keep the business functioning effectively.Defining DiscretionKey (1997) defines discretion as a belief that individuals can influence their environment. The concept of discretion, originally borrowed from the judiciary, involves decision making that is guided by individual principles and beliefs unfettered by external control (par. 13). Thus, discretion is necessarily a subjective determination that a particular manager has a range of options gettable to him/herself. Key (2002) further maintains that Discretion is based on the belief that single has responses available with which to influence the environment. Individual perception influences whether or not an individual believes there are actions available to him or her (par. 2). This subjective determination has been described as perceived latitude of action.The concept of managerial discretion... The wideness of managerial discretion to modern companies is substantial, and has long been recognized as such. Discreti onary behavior by mangers is requirement to the strategic operation of a company but at the same time allowing unfettered discretion can be hugely detrimental to the well-being of a corporation, as evidenced by the scandals that beget taken place in recent years in the United States and elsewhere. While managers must consecrate the ability to analyze a situation and determine and appropriate course of action, there must be some guidelines or constraints as it were placed on that discretion in order to protect the company from these types of damaging developments. Several studies on the scope and limits of managerial discretion have found that there are several variables influencing and limiting the exercise of discretion in modern business. These include such factors as age, duration of tenure, educational attainment, gender, locus of control, and organizational culture. Each of these factors has a direct impact on the extent to which managers spirit free to exercise discretio n, or not and consequently they affect the success or failure of a business. Ultimately, managerial discretion is a critical balancing act for any business that seeks to compete successfully in todays global business environment.

Globalization English Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Globalization English Paper - Essay patternThe thesis give the gate be seen at the end of the first paragraph of the article. Third world countries ar countries that are still developing economically, are in war, to curb poverty. Third world countries faced with the trouble of poverty, and most of their citizens are still struggling by doing odd jobs for survival (Divakaruni, 398). Maslow pyramid states that people impart keep on working according to their ineluctably and in each stage of life needs keep on changing. Divakaruni used Maslow theory to point out that people will keep on working in accordance to their needs. Therefore, the small fryren will keep on working because of the hardships of life (Divakaruni, 398). Divakaruni suggests that children forced into child labor because of lack of money to cater for the basics needs of their families, worthless education systems and lack of profuse schools and their governments being incapable of providing for its citizens. Th e use of rhetorical questions by Divarakuni is to ensure people get to understand wherefore she is against the bill. In addition, she also wanted people to understand the reasons the children seek child labor. Paragraph three has been intentional in such a way, causes of child labor and its effects clearly stated for better apprehension of the life faced by the children. Divakaruni uses Nimai story to raise child labor. Nimai came from a poor family therefore, it was necessary to count on for employment rather than starve to death. Nimai experience shows that children forced to seek employment to assist their families. Comparing Nimai and children in his village, he is much better since he can provide for his family and he is well treated by his employer (Divakaruni, 399). The extra weight that capsizes the already shaky raft of their familys finances this metaphor meant that if the poor children interpreted to school and during their holidays, they return home they will be a b urden to their already poor family. Divakaruni entangle pity for the village children because they suffer from hunger and starvation (Divakaruni, 399). Indentured as used by Divakaruni meant that the parents of the poor children took a contract that made children work in manufacturing factories. Inconceivable means that what the poor children are button through is unimaginable. Exploitation in this context means that the children were taken advantage in order to recruit products to be used in the United States. Mired means a difficult situation desire the one experienced by the poor children. Blithe means cheerful and happy (Divakaruni, 398). Javdani states her thesis in the second paragraph. The thesis developed by narration of two young men living in different worlds. Javdani thesis is about drugs and their origin. One man is living in poverty in an field of battle where drugs are produced, and the other man lives in a rich neighborhood where drugs are sold. Colombian peasant s support communist rebels, to protect their families and to earn money for upkeep. When the US government sends billions to Colombian government, they do not benefactor the situation because the money used to fund paramilitary groups to fight against the rebels. Javdani solution to the problem is that the US can work from their country by cutting down the demand for the illegal drugs.

The curriculum resourcing of the teacher librarian Assignment

The political program resourcing of the teacher librarian - Assignment ExampleOnce the best veridicals argon selected, the students and the teacher will expect an ample time to complete the required curriculum in the required time. The subroutine library is a keep institution in the life of a student. The library contains the resource that the student will contend to fasten a better understanding of the studies he or she partakes. Hence, it should require well-informed curriculum materials. Introduction A library is a structured assortment of books, journals and correct on line material an institution or community for gathering education uses that (Bishop, 2007). In the life of a student, the library offers a haven of information resource that can be used to ease the study toy of the student. For students, this is usually critical because close to of what they learn in school is mostly found in the library. Getting the necessary information therefore, becomes decisive to these young scholars. The resources found in the library are taken through with(predicate) thorough processes before they are qualified to be included as resource materials in the library. This is because a lot of care has to be taken when these sources of information are being gathered (Church, 2007). The absolute best books and journals should be used for the science of the apprentices, and the school. The compelling thing is that libraries consisted of stone tablets that were gathered in a room for storage in the past. These shows those even in the past, libraries were significant. The processes of acquiring the libraries resource materials have changed drastically since then (Clayton & Gorman, 2001). The process of acquisition of the resource material has become more complex with time. This is because a number of factors such as units of study or clear/topic requirement must be considered for a resource material to be selected. The student should wellbeing from the resources choosen, or that are available to him. Most of the learning institutions have adopted new ways to come across this (Conger, 2004). The newfangled library can have on-line platforms and visual aid gadgets just to mention a few. This has created a bigger platform for the student to use. So what make a dependable and resourceful library? What are the acquisition and selection procedures for these resource materials? In order to answer the following question we need to understand the need to be satisfied for the curriculum point of view. Curriculum In a modern school or any other learning institution, there are sets of plays that the learner needs to cover. These courses are put in an organized manner that ease and smoothes the students process of learning through out the learning period. These sets and the order they are organized in is called a curriculum (Craver, 2001). For the student to disembowel the studies he or she is taking, they must fulfill the curriculum to the satisfa ction of their teacher or examiner. For a skilful curriculum, some few aspects should be carefully considered. These environments surround the student throughout the teachers course (Evans & Saponaro, 2005). They affect the learning process of the student, hence if lightly taken the student may have stir up in his studies. One of the main aspects to be considered is the unit of works the student will have to take. The units of work are courses that student require to pass the level of education or to

International Analysis of Organization Design Essay - 1

International Analysis of Organization end - Essay ExampleSuch is a significant feature that influences the management of organizations in various regions. international organizations that exist in more than one sphere must always adopt unique organisational structures and systems of management in the various countries in fiat to suite with the culture of people in the different markets as the discussion below portrays.China is the largest economy in the East and is among the largest markets in the world. The country has contributory environment for doing business owing to the large population and the low production costs. As such, numerous international companies target the market. However, Chinese people have a unique culture. The history of the country presents a country that remained secluded from the rest of the world thus succeeded in forming a unique system of governance mate with an equally unique culture. The culture of China therefore influences the management of t he multinational organizations that set up shops in the country. Despite the lucrative nature of the market, the companies must always adopt new structures and systems of management in order to live in the region (Juvidan, Dorfman & House, 2006).-Develop its brand and the visibility and spread of the stores so as to make it the first choice when it comes to coffee, easy to find and familiar with the environment and hard to switch to substitutesKey among the multinational companies that operate in China is Starbucks. Starbucks Corporations, also known as Starbucks Coffee is an American companionship and the largest coffee company in the world. The company operates in more than two thousand locations throughout the world. While the United States is its largest market, the company operates in many other countries with China forming headquarter in its eastern frontier. The company is a large and reliable brand in China. The companys success in China is because of specific changes i n the management of the

The Debate over Physician Assisted Suicide Essay

The Debate over Physician Assisted suicide - Essay ExampleThus, the black market in indium to get PAS legislation on the ballot should focus on these aspects. One should outlet into account the possible counter-arguments that could be raised by the opp onenessnts of PAS. It should be kept in mind that on that point are strong oppositions from the part of physicians, legal commentators and sociologists as many hold that physician-assisted suicide is nothing and willful killing. The opponents also may argue that it is more significant to protect and preserve human life. Therefore, it is authoritative that the campaign for PAS should postulate that such patients who cannot fulfill social responsibilities and societal expectations would cause social instability and as such, Physical Assisted Suicide can be permitted in exceptional cases where the patient leads a wretched life and has no hope for recovery from the deadly disease or illness. This paper seeks to convince the hearing /readers that PAS is worthy of being legalized in Indiana and in doing so the paper throws light on the peculiar(prenominal) characterizations of Indiana voters as well. It can be identified that the Indiana voters have watched reluctant towards legalizing PAS in the past. The Indiana Code 35-42-1-2.5 prohibits assisted suicide by law and it has been brought under the general homicide laws (Legal Status of Assisted Suicide/Euthanasia in the United States). However, the emergence of such controversial cases as Terri Schiavo, Barbara Howee, and Nancy Cruzan has prompted many to rethink of legalizing PAS. Terri Schiavo had to remain in persistent vegetative state for 15 years until she was permitted for PAS on March 31, 2005 Barbara Howe was totally paralyze and breathing with a ventilator for many years and Nancy Cruzan, an auto accident victim, had also to remain in persistent vegetative state for a number of years (Jost 423). Undoubtedly, anyone who has witnessed the sufferings, misfortune, agony and frustration experienced by these patients as well as their intimate relatives will think in upgrade of PAS. In this respect, the Oregons oddment with Dignity Act has right only recognized the personal rights of patients however, it is quite unfortunate that the Supreme Court control that there are no fundamental or constitutional rights that support any arguments in favor of physician-assisted suicide (Park 283). Indiana, too, can follow the example of Oregon if the Indiana voters show em low feelings towards the suffering and pathetic persistent vegetative state of many of its brothers and sisters. While PAS is opposed for incorrupt and ethical reasons, it is high fourth dimension that the Indiana voters realized the factors that favor PAS. One needs to understand that the demand for PAS is strongly rooted in human rights theories and the concept of patient autonomy. PAS can also be regarded as quite ethical and moral as the termination of life occurs at the request of the unmarried himself when the physician realizes that to continue letting this individual live, would be more harmful than dying (Center for Bioethics University of Minnesota 41). Similarly, there are sound arguments that the patients have the right to die with dignity rather than leading a death-like miserable life. In physician-assisted suicide, the choice to end ones life rests completely on the patient himself or his/her family. The Indiana voters need to have a thorough understanding of the arguments

Network Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Network Security - Assignment ExampleInformation security entails the adoption of specific measures that ar supposed to prevent the unauthorized recover, manipulation, use or the denial of ingress to any info, teaching, or capabilities that will escort confidentiality (Douligeris and Serpanos, 2007). All these measures should be implemented to ensure the security of exclusively the resources deep down the fundamental law. Organizations nowadays have greatly relied on the various network technologies that ensure efficient data communications between different departments, at the same time ensuring that communication channels are secure. The amplification of an giving medication results into more resources being acquired in terms of new computers, printers, telephones, communication channels, hardwares and packets and too the adoption of sophisticated network architectures. This results into an increased concern for information security within the organization to ensure that only the authorized personnel access the resources. Question 1. The question describes the main security issues, the principles of public blusher encryption, and the role of certification authority as follows Security issues facing the expansion of the organization Expansion of the organization will result into a rise in the demand of various resources. More hardware and software will be acquired, more people will be employed, and the network architecture to be utilise and various protocols will change to meet the organizational needs. Various security issues will arise in physical security, all the tangible assets within the organization much(prenominal) as computers (both personal and laptops), network printers, telephones, repositing media, people, network cables, and servers will face a security threat. Indeed, each of the organizations assets faces a security threat from within (internal) and from outside the organization (external). Security issues that will arise fro m within the organization (internal attacks) include access attacks such as eavesdropping (listening to a conversation that one is not part of) by fellow employees or finished wireless networks, and snooping (looking through information files). Others include interception of transit information, unauthorized access to computers by employees, computer attacks by viruses, worms, Trojans, internal hackers and theft of hardware from within the organization (Maiwald, 2003). External attacks include hackers and cyber terrorists, and malware. The organization needs to cut through the measures that will be used to ensure security of both information, physical hardware, internal and external attacks are checked. Internal threats from employees are both intentional and accidental, where an employee can eavesdrop on another employee, hence gaining access to some information during conversation. In addition, employees can forge passwords of their colleagues and hence gain access to their comp uters, use, modify, and transfer information to other unauthorized members outside the organization. Moreover, employees may bring external or foreign insecure hardware into the organization, resulting into virus infection and transmission. Lastly, employees could steal portable small size hardwares from the organization. Information and communication within the organization will be affected in one way or another. There might be lots of network traffic caused by attacks on

MicroFHess Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MicroFHess - Essay ExampleExample as more and more fertilizers are diligent by the famers, production of crops may increase by the same unit of fertilizers employed, ceteris paribus.3. Economic profit is the difference between revenues received from the sale of takings and opportunity cost (Mankiw, 1998). For example, the difference between incomes received from exchange a car and forgone alternatives of making that car.4. Law of diminishing returns states that when other factors are held constant any supererogatory unit of input leads to an increase in output at a declining rate till at a certain full stop where any additional input leads to a decline in output (Hall and Lieberman, 2010). For example, if more fertilizers are added in the production of wheat the output increases till a certain point when any additional unit of fertilizers added leads to a decline in output of wheat.5. Marginal product of repel is the additional amount of output that is being produced when a fi rm decide sto employ additional take in the production process (Hall and Lieberman, 2010). For example, a firm may produces 10 units of output with a compass of 5 people, and after adding another 5 people output may increases to 20 units.6. Monopolistic competition. Is a type of market structure with many sellers selling similar but differentiated products whereby each seller has the freedom of setting his or her own selling price (Mankiw, 2011). Example in the United States many sellers differentiate their products and the prices for those products (Mankiw, 2011).7. Sunk cost refers to the amount of money that has already been spent and can not be recovered (Hall and Lieberman, 2010). For example Amount of money incurred by investor to start and operate a business.8. The principal-agent problem refers to a conflict of interest that arises when the agent pursues the same interest as his principal (Mankiw, 2011). Example car head hires an agent to sell his cars to particular